There is still great contraversy and debate on this matter. Luc Montagnier and Francoise Barre-Sinoussi at the Institute Pasteur in France are recognized by the US government patent office, a US senate committee as well as the Nobel Prize awarding Swedish Karolinska Institute as the original scientists to develop the first HIV test as well as the first to discover that HIV causes AIDS. Robert Gallo, at the time a scientists at the NIH, is frequently thought to be the first to discover both the virus and the tests. However, the two labs basically identified the virus and developed the tests independently from one sample that was isolated by the scientists at the Pasteur Institute and shared with the Gallo group. A third scientist/physcian, Jay Levy of UCSF, is frequently left out of the discussions as to the discovery of HIV, but he is considered by some to also be a co-discoverer of the virus which causes AIDS.